Albania followed Tito's lead shortly thereafter. Though previously allied to the rebels, Tito closed Yugoslavia's borders to ELAS partisans when Greek Communists sided with Stalin, despite the lack of direct material support from the USSR. The Western Allies eventually won, due largely to an ideological split between Joseph Stalin and Josip Broz Tito.
The Greek Communists managed to seize most of Greece, but a strong government counterattack forced them back. The Western-allied Greek government was nearly overthrown by Communist rebels with limited direct aid from Soviet ally or client states in Yugoslavia, Albania, and Bulgaria. The first proxy war in the Cold War was the Greek Civil War, which started almost as soon as World War II ended. Proxies were used in conflicts such as Afghanistan, Angola, Korea, Vietnam, the Middle East, and Latin America. Proxy wars were common in the Cold War, because the two nuclear-armed superpowers (the Soviet Union and the United States) did not wish to fight each other directly, since that would have run the risk of escalation to a nuclear war (see mutual assured destruction). This war served as a useful testing ground for both the Axis and the Soviets to experiment with equipment and tactics that would later be employed on a wider scale in the Second World War. The conflict that started between the Second Spanish Republic and Francisco Franco's National Sindicalists soon involved the Soviet Union and Mexico on the Spanish Republic's side and Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Portuguese Republic on the Spanish Nationalist side.
Main article: List of proxy wars Spanish Civil War Ī very famous conflict which exhibits patterns of a proxy war was the Spanish Civil War.
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